Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT2G39800
• Gene Symbol: ATP5CS, P5CS1
• Gene Name: delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1
• Description: delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession:
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT2G39800.1     AT2G39800.2     AT2G39800.3     AT2G39800.4

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS69621  — Deficient in proline accumulation. Under low water potential conditions, decreased root elongation and decreased dry weight.
• p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2  — Late flowering. Phenotype is abolished by After vernalization treatment at 4C for three months.
• p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 flc-8  — Flowering time same as flc-8 single mutant.
• p5cs1-1  — p5cs1-1 mutants accumulate less proline in response to salt stress than wild-type seedlings. Their roots are hypersensitive to salt stress and they have increased evidence of oxdative stress and lipid peroxidation under salt stress than wild type plants.
• p5cs1-2  — p5cs1-2 mutants accumulate less proline in response to salt stress than wild-type seedlings. They have increased evidence of oxdative stress in response to salt stress than wild type plants. Some genes involved in ROS detoxification are differentially expressed in WT and p5cs1-2 mutants.
• p5cs1-3  — p5cs1-3 mutants accumulate less proline in response to salt stress than wild-type seedlings.
• p5cs1-4  — Decreased root elongation and decreased dry weight for plants grown under low water potential conditions.
• p5cs1-4  — Response to lower water potential results in an NADP/NADPH ratio that is altered (lower) with respect to wild type. However, the NAD/NADH ratio remains the same.
• p5cs1-4  — p5cs1-4 mutants accumulate less proline in response to salt stress than wild-type seedlings. Their roots are hypersensitive to salt stress and they have increased evidence of oxdative stress and lipid peroxidation under salt stress than wild type plants. Some genes involved in ROS detoxification are differentially expressed in WT and p5cs1-4 mutants.

Function-related keywords:

• flower

Literature:

• Stress-responsive and developmental regulation of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1006/bbrc.1999.1112 ;  PMID:  10441499
• Differential expression of two P5CS genes controlling proline accumulation during salt-stress requires ABA and is regulated by ABA1, ABI1 and AXR2 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.00557.x ;  PMID:  9351242
• Correlation between the induction of a gene for delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the accumulation of proline in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress.   DOI:  10.1046/j.1365-313x.1995.07050751.x ;  PMID:  7773306
• Light-dependent induction of proline biosynthesis by abscisic acid and salt stress is inhibited by brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1023/a:1022043000516 ;  PMID:  12602867
• Duplicated P5CS genes of Arabidopsis play distinct roles in stress regulation and developmental control of proline biosynthesis.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03318.x ;  PMID:  17971042
• The relationship of drought-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana to hormonal and environmental factors.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/ern155 ;  PMID:  18552355
• Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.108.121038 ;  PMID:  18650403
• The proline biosynthetic genes P5CS1 and P5CS2 play overlapping roles in Arabidopsis flower transition but not in embryo development.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01261.x ;  PMID:  19627555
• Nitric reductase-dependent nitric oxide production is involved in cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.109.140996 ;  PMID:  19710235
• Overexpression of soybean ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene GmUBC2 confers enhanced drought and salt tolerance through modulating abiotic stress-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1007/s11103-009-9575-x ;  PMID:  19941154
• The Arabidopsis pop2-1 mutant reveals the involvement of GABA transaminase in salt stress tolerance.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-10-20 ;  PMID:  20122158
• Mutations in the hyperosmotic stress-responsive mitochondrial BASIC AMINO ACID CARRIER2 enhance proline accumulation in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.109.152371 ;  PMID:  20172963
• Overexpression of maize mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis increases tolerance to salt stress.   DOI:  10.1007/s11033-010-0066-6 ;  PMID:  20339925
• Arabidopsis annexins AnnAt1 and AnnAt4 interact with each other and regulate drought and salt stress responses.   DOI:  10.1093/pcp/pcq111 ;  PMID:  20656895
• Mechanisms independent of abscisic acid (ABA) or proline feedback have a predominant role in transcriptional regulation of proline metabolism during low water potential and stress recovery.   DOI:  10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02188.x ;  PMID:  20545884
• Autophosphorylation profiling of Arabidopsis protein kinases using the cell-free system.   DOI:  10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.029 ;  PMID:  21477822
• The plant cuticle is required for osmotic stress regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.110.081943 ;  PMID:  21610183
• Essential role of tissue-specific proline synthesis and catabolism in growth and redox balance at low water potential.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.111.183210 ;  PMID:  21791601
• Over-expression of TaMYB33 encoding a novel wheat MYB transcription factor increases salt and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1007/s11033-012-1550-y ;  PMID:  22350156
• Intron-mediated alternative splicing of Arabidopsis P5CS1 and its association with natural variation in proline and climate adaptation.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.1203433109 ;  PMID:  22615385
• Arabidopsis NRT1.5 is another essential component in the regulation of nitrate reallocation and stress tolerance.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.112.199257 ;  PMID:  22685171
• Requirement of proline synthesis during Arabidopsis reproductive development.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-12-191 ;  PMID:  23062072
• Role of the putative osmosensor Arabidopsis histidine kinase1 in dehydration avoidance and low-water-potential response.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.112.209791 ;  PMID:  23184230
• Transcriptional and metabolomic analysis of Ascophyllum nodosum mediated freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2164-13-643 ;  PMID:  23171218
• Proline is required for male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1186/1471-2229-12-236 ;  PMID:  23234543
• SUMO E3 ligase AtMMS21 regulates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana(F).   DOI:  10.1111/jipb.12024 ;  PMID:  23231763
• Functional characterization of an abiotic stress-inducible transcription factor AtERF53 in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1007/s11103-013-0054-z ;  PMID:  23625358
• A Medicago truncatula EF-hand family gene, MtCaMP1, is involved in drought and salt stress tolerance.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0058952 ;  PMID:  23593126
• Overexpression of sheepgrass R1-MYB transcription factor LcMYB1 confers salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.025 ;  PMID:  23800660
• Surface electric charge of thylakoid membranes from genetically modified tobacco plants under freezing stress.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.12.004 ;  PMID:  23298695
• Overexpression of the receptor-like protein kinase genes AtRPK1 and OsRPK1 reduces the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.12.002 ;  PMID:  24467897
• Isolation and characterization of a Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (NtP5CS) from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. and functional comparison with its Arabidopsis homologue.   DOI:  10.1007/s11033-013-2893-8 ;  PMID:  24338163
• Heterologous expression of the wheat aquaporin gene TaTIP2;2 compromises the abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0079618 ;  PMID:  24223981
• Alleviation of salt stress by enterobacter sp. EJ01 in tomato and Arabidopsis is accompanied by up-regulation of conserved salinity responsive factors in plants.   DOI:  10.14348/molcells.2014.2239 ;  PMID:  24598995
• Stress physiology functions of the Arabidopsis histidine kinase cytokinin receptors.   DOI:  10.1111/ppl.12290 ;  PMID:  25263537
• Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the regulation of proline catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2014.00772 ;  PMID:  25628629
• SKIP Confers Osmotic Tolerance during Salt Stress by Controlling Alternative Gene Splicing in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.011 ;  PMID:  25617718
• A fungal transcription factor gene is expressed in plants from its own promoter and improves drought tolerance.   DOI:  10.1007/s00425-015-2285-5 ;  PMID:  25809153
• Heterologous expression of the halophyte Zoysia matrella H⁺-pyrophosphatase gene improved salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.04.004 ;  PMID:  25874657
• CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G2 regulates salinity stress response and salt mediated flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1007/s11103-015-0324-z ;  PMID:  25948280
• Dynamic proline metabolism: importance and regulation in water limited environments.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2015.00484 ;  PMID:  26161086
• [Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Bearing with P5CS1 Gene of Arabidopsis thaliana].   DOI:  NA ;  PMID:  27055296
• Ubiquitin Ligases RGLG1 and RGLG5 Regulate Abscisic Acid Signaling by Controlling the Turnover of Phosphatase PP2CA.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.16.00364 ;  PMID:  27577789
• Light affects salt stress-induced transcriptional memory of P5CS1 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1073/pnas.1610670114 ;  PMID:  27930298
• Proline Accumulation Is Regulated by Transcription Factors Associated with Phosphate Starvation.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.17.00791 ;  PMID:  28765275
• Functional FRIGIDA allele enhances drought tolerance by regulating the P5CS1 pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.149 ;  PMID:  29175388
• Salt hypersensitive mutant 9, a nucleolar APUM23 protein, is essential for salt sensitivity in association with the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1186/s12870-018-1255-z ;  PMID:  29490615
• SELENOPROTEIN O is a chloroplast protein involved in ROS scavenging and its absence increases dehydration tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.023 ;  PMID:  29576081
• EAR1 Negatively Regulates ABA Signaling by Enhancing 2C Protein Phosphatase Activity.   DOI:  10.1105/tpc.17.00875 ;  PMID:  29618630
• Cytokinins: Their Impact on Molecular and Growth Responses to Drought Stress and Recovery in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2018.00655 ;  PMID:  29872444
• DFR1-Mediated Inhibition of Proline Degradation Pathway Regulates Drought and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.011 ;  PMID:  29949777
• Heterologous Expression of the Transcription Factor EsNAC1 in Arabidopsis Enhances Abiotic Stress Resistance and Retards Growth by Regulating the Expression of Different Target Genes.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2018.01495 ;  PMID:  30374363
• Proline synthesis in developing microspores is required for pollen development and fertility.   DOI:  10.1186/s12870-018-1571-3 ;  PMID:  30558541
• 24-Epibrassinolide promotes arsenic tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana L. by altering stress responses at biochemical and molecular level.   DOI:  10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.002 ;  PMID:  31121523
• A bHLH transcription factor, MYC2, imparts salt intolerance by regulating proline biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/febs.15157 ;  PMID:  31782895
• Light Control of Salt-Induced Proline Accumulation Is Mediated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2019.01584 ;  PMID:  31921239
• Differential Contribution of P5CS Isoforms to Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2020.565134 ;  PMID:  33101333
• Impact of Drought on Soluble Sugars and Free Proline Content in Selected Arabidopsis Mutants.   DOI:  10.3390/biology9110367 ;  PMID:  33137965
• Thaumatin-like genes function in the control of both biotic stress signaling and ABA signaling pathways.   DOI:  10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.012 ;  PMID:  34130180
• Arabidopsis OSMOTIN 34 Functions in the ABA Signaling Pathway and Is Regulated by Proteolysis.   DOI:  10.3390/ijms22157915 ;  PMID:  34360680
• Ethylene signaling in salt-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana ein2-1 and ctr1-1 A dissection of molecular mechanisms involved in acclimation.   DOI:  10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.029 ;  PMID:  34592706
• Interplay between Proline Metabolism and ROS in the Fine Tuning of Root-Meristem Size in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.3390/plants11111512 ;  PMID:  35684285
• Modulation of plant development and chilling stress responses by alternative splicing events under control of the spliceosome protein SmEb in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1111/pce.14386 ;  PMID:  35770732
• Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?   DOI:  10.3390/plants11182348 ;  PMID:  36145748
• Correlation between the induction of a gene for delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the accumulation of proline in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress.   DOI:  10.1046/j.1365-313x.1995.07050751.x ;  PMID:  7773306
• Membrane proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana using alternative solubilization techniques.   DOI:  10.1021/pr060525b ;  PMID:  17432890
• The relationship of drought-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana to hormonal and environmental factors.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/ern155 ;  PMID:  18552355
• Membrane proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana using alternative solubilization techniques.   DOI:  10.1021/pr060525b ;  PMID:  17432890
• The relationship of drought-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana to hormonal and environmental factors.   DOI:  10.1093/jxb/ern155 ;  PMID:  18552355

Sequence: