Gene Details:

• Gene ID: AT4G27060
• Gene Symbol: CN, SPR2, TOR1
• Gene Name: CONVOLUTA, SPIRAL 2, TORTIFOLIA 1
• Description: ARM repeat superfamily protein;(source:Araport11)
• TAIR Accession: locus:2136467
• Genome: Araport11_genome_release
• Species: Arabidopsis thaliana

Transcripts:

• AT4G27060.1

Plant Ontology Annotations:

• PO:0000037  — shoot axis apex — ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0008019  — leaf lamina base — base de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉身基部 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009006  — shoot system — sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact), シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae crown (related), shoot (related), thalli (related), thallus (related), tree crown (narrow)
• PO:0009009  — plant embryo — embrión (Spanish, exact), 植物胚 (Japanese, exact), germ (related), embryo (broad)
• PO:0009025  — vascular leaf — foliage leaf (exact), hoja vascular (Spanish, exact), leaf, vascular (exact), vascular leaves (exact, plural), 維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact), crozier (related), macrophyll (related), megaphyll (related), ascidia (narrow), ascidium (narrow), fiddlehead (narrow), frond (narrow), needle-like leaf (narrow), pitcher (narrow), pitcher blade (narrow), pitcher-blade (narrow), scale-like leaf (narrow), sterile frond (narrow), trophophyll (narrow)
• PO:0009029  — stamen — estambre (Spanish, exact), 雄蕊 (Japanese, exact), Poaceae stamen (narrow), Zea stamen (narrow)
• PO:0009031  — sepal — sépalo (Spanish, exact), がく片 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0009046  — flower — flor (Spanish, exact), 花 (Japanese, exact), floret (related), Asteraceae floret (narrow), basal flower (narrow), double flower (narrow), hermaphrodite flower (narrow), monoclinous flower (narrow), perfect flower (narrow)
• PO:0009052  — inflorescence flower pedicel — 小花柄 (Japanese, related), pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
• PO:0020030  — cotyledon — cotiledón (Spanish, exact), seed leaf (exact), 子葉 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020038  — petiole — pecíolo (Spanish, exact), 葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020100  — hypocotyl — hipocótile (Spanish, exact), 胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
• PO:0020137  — leaf apex — ápice de la hoja (Spanish, exact), 葉先 (Japanese, exact), leaf lamina apex (narrow), phyllid apex (narrow)
• PO:0025022  — collective leaf structure — estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact), leaf series (exact), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact), leaf whorl (narrow), rosette (narrow), cycle (broad), verticil (broad)
• PO:0025281  — pollen — polen (Spanish, exact), pollen grain (exact), 花粉 (Japanese, exact)

Gene Ontology:

• GO:0008017  — enables — microtubule binding
• GO:0009826  — acts upstream of or within — unidimensional cell growth
• GO:0009826  — involved in — unidimensional cell growth
• GO:0010031  — acts upstream of or within — circumnutation
• GO:0010005  — is active in — cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
• GO:0009507  — located in — chloroplast
• GO:0010005  — located in — cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
• GO:0010031  — involved in — circumnutation
• GO:0005515  — enables — protein binding
• GO:0007275  — acts upstream of or within — multicellular organism development
• GO:0007275  — involved in — multicellular organism development

Germplasm Phenotype:

• CS6548  — Defective in directional cell elongation processes; abnormal cortical microtubule function; exhibits right-handed helical growth in longitudinally expanding organs such as roots, etiolated hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and petals; twisting phenotype is most apparent in lateral organs (cotyledons, rosette leaves, and petals), when the plant is viewed from above, these organs are twisted in a counterclockwise direction; the counterclockwise twisting of rosette leaves and cotyledons is caused by right-handed helical growth of epidermal cell files in petioles; epidermal cell files of hypocotyl and stem in dark-grown plants also form constitutive right-handed helices; allelic to two classic twisting mutants, tortifolia1 and convoluta.
• CS6549  — Defective in directional cell elongation processes; abnormal cortical microtubule function; exhibits right-handed helical growth in longitudinally expanding organs such as roots, etiolated hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and petals; twisting phenotype is most apparent in lateral organs (cotyledons, rosette leaves, and petals), when the plant is viewed from above, these organs are twisted in a counterclockwise direction; the counterclockwise twisting of rosette leaves and cotyledons is caused by right-handed helical growth of epidermal cell files in petioles; epidermal cell files of hypocotyl and stem in dark-grown plants also form constitutive right-handed helices; allelic to two classic twisting mutants, tortifolia1 and convoluta.

Function-related keywords:

• shoot axis apex ,  leaf lamina base ,  shoot system ,  plant embryo ,  vascular leaf ,  stamen ,  sepal ,  flower ,  inflorescence flower pedicel ,  cotyledon ,  petiole ,  hypocotyl ,  leaf apex ,  collective leaf structure ,  pollen

Literature:

• The SPIRAL genes are required for directional control of cell elongation in Aarabidopsis thaliana.   DOI:  10.1242/dev.127.20.4443 ;  PMID:  11003843
• Helical growth of the Arabidopsis mutant tortifolia1 reveals a plant-specific microtubule-associated protein.   DOI:  10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.033 ;  PMID:  15324671
• Plant-specific microtubule-associated protein SPIRAL2 is required for anisotropic growth in Arabidopsis.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.104.051748 ;  PMID:  15557095
• Arabidopsis SPIRAL2 promotes uninterrupted microtubule growth by suppressing the pause state of microtubule dynamics.   DOI:  10.1242/jcs.030221 ;  PMID:  18577573
• Systematic identification of functional plant modules through the integration of complementary data sources.   DOI:  10.1104/pp.112.196725 ;  PMID:  22589469
• Calcium-dependent protein kinases from Arabidopsis show substrate specificity differences in an analysis of 103 substrates.   DOI:  10.3389/fpls.2011.00036 ;  PMID:  22645532
• The evolution and diversification of plant microtubule-associated proteins.   DOI:  10.1111/tpj.12189 ;  PMID:  23551562
• Experimental virus evolution reveals a role of plant microtubule dynamics and TORTIFOLIA1/SPIRAL2 in RNA trafficking.   DOI:  10.1371/journal.pone.0105364 ;  PMID:  25133612
• Microtubule organization and microtubule-associated proteins in plant cells.   DOI:  10.1016/B978-0-12-800178-3.00001-4 ;  PMID:  25262237
• Modification of growth anisotropy and cortical microtubule dynamics in Arabidopsis hypocotyls grown under microgravity conditions in space.   DOI:  10.1111/ppl.12640 ;  PMID:  28862767

Sequence: