Gene Details:

Functional Descriptions:

  • In this study, we isolated a novel floury endosperm rice (Oryza sativa) mutant FLO16 with defective starch grain (SG) formation.
  • Overexpression of FLO16 significantly improved grain weight, suggesting a possible application of FLO16 in rice breeding.
  • Our results indicated that FLO16 plays a critical role in redox homeostasis that is important for compound SG formation and subsequent starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm.
  • Map-based cloning and complementation tests demonstrated that FLO16 encodes a NAD-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (CMDH).

Literature:

Gene Resources:

  • NCBI ID:
  • UniProt accessions:

Sequences:

cDNA Sequence
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.2 cDNA CGTTTCCCCCTCTCTCGCAAAACTCACCCAAAAGAGCAGCGTCGCCTCTCCTCCTCCTCCCTAACCCCTACGCTTCCAGAACCTTCTCGAAGCTCCCGCTCCCCCCCCCCTTCCGCTCCAATGGCGAAGGAACCGATGCGCGTGCTCGTCACCGGCGCCGCAGGACAAATTGGATATGCTCTTGTCCCCATGATTGCTAGGGGTGTGATGTTGGGTGCTGACCAGCCTGTTATTCTACACATGCTTGACATTCCACCAGCTACTGAATCTCTTAATGGCCTTAAGATGGAGCTGGTTGATGCTGCATTTCCTCTTTTGAAGGGAATTGTCGCAACAACTGATGTTGTGGAGGCCTGCACTGGTGTGAATGTTGCGGTTATGGTTGGTGGGTTCCCCAGGAAGGAGGGAATGGAAAGGAAGGATGTTATGTCAAAAAATGTCTCCATCTACAAATCCCAAGCTTCTGCTCTTGAGGCTCATGCAGCCCCTAACTGCAAGGTTCTGGTAGTTGCCAATCCAGCAAACACCAACGCTCTCATCTTAAAAGAATTCGCTCCATCCATCCCTGAGAAGAACATTACTTGCCTCACCCGTCTTGACCACAACAGGGCACTTGGCCAGATCTCTGAAAAACTTAATGTCCAAGTTACTGATGTGAAGAATGCGATCATCTGGGGCAACCACTCATCCACCCAGTACCCTGATGTTAACCACGCCACTGTGAAGACTCCCAGTGGAGAGAAGCCTGTCAGGGAACTCGTTGCTGATGATGAGTGGTTAAATACGGAATTCATCTCTACCGTCCAGCAGCGTGGTGCCGCCATCATCAAGGCGAGGAAGCAATCCAGTGCCCTATCTGCTGCCAGCTCTGCATGCGATCACATTCGTGACTGGGTTCTTGGCACTCCTGAGGGAACATTTGTCTCCATGGGTGTGTACTCTGATGGTTCGTATGGTGTGCCTGCTGGTCTGATCTACTCGTTCCCAGTAACATGCAGTGGTGGCGAATGGACGATTGTTCAGGGTATGCTTGCTTACCTTCTTTCTACATGTTCATGGGCTGTCTGTTAAAATGTGCCAATGTATAGAGTATTGCGCTGATTATGTCGCAACAGTTTACAAATGCCTGATGATCTATCGTTTCTTACAGGTCTCCCGATCGACGAGTTCTCAAGGAAGAAGATGGACGCGACTGCCCAGGAGCTGTCGGAGGAGAAGACGCTCGCTTACTCATGCCTCAACTAAAACTAAGCAATACCCAGAGGGACAGATAGTGAGCGATTGCCCGCTCCCGTGTTTTTGAATAAAAGAGACTTTTAAGTTCCATCACATAGAAACTGTTTATCTCAGACCGCTGCACATCGCGAGATGTGGAGCGCAGATGCCGTTGCTGGTTTTACTCCAGTGTGTATTGAGGCTTTGTACTAGCTCCCTTTTTTTTGCCTGGTGATTCGCAGGACATTTGCTGAAAACATTGAACCCATTTGACATCTGATGGAATCATGGACCAGTAGCAAGTACATTTTGCGAAAGCATAATCTGCATCGGGCTTGGGCTGGTGGTTGAACTTTCTGCCACATGGCCCATGGAAACGTGAGTCGCGCTGTTACTG
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.1 cDNA CGTTTCCCCCTCTCTCGCAAAACTCACCCAAAAGAGCAGCGTCGCCTCTCCTCCTCCTCCCTAACCCCTACGCTTCCAGAACCTTCTCGAAGCTCCCGCTCCCCCCCCCCTTCCGCTCCAATGGCGAAGGAACCGATGCGCGTGCTCGTCACCGGCGCCGCAGGACAAATTGGATATGCTCTTGTCCCCATGATTGCTAGGGGTGTGATGTTGGGTGCTGACCAGCCTGTTATTCTACACATGCTTGACATTCCACCAGCTACTGAATCTCTTAATGGCCTTAAGATGGAGCTGGTTGATGCTGCATTTCCTCTTTTGAAGGGAATTGTCGCAACAACTGATGTTGTGGAGGCCTGCACTGGTGTGAATGTTGCGGTTATGGTTGGTGGGTTCCCCAGGAAGGAGGGAATGGAAAGGAAGGATGTTATGTCAAAAAATGTCTCCATCTACAAATCCCAAGCTTCTGCTCTTGAGGCTCATGCAGCCCCTAACTGCAAGGTTCTGGTAGTTGCCAATCCAGCAAACACCAACGCTCTCATCTTAAAAGAATTCGCTCCATCCATCCCTGAGAAGAACATTACTTGCCTCACCCGTCTTGACCACAACAGGGCACTTGGCCAGATCTCTGAAAAACTTAATGTCCAAGTTACTGATGTGAAGAATGCGATCATCTGGGGCAACCACTCATCCACCCAGTACCCTGATGTTAACCACGCCACTGTGAAGACTCCCAGTGGAGAGAAGCCTGTCAGGGAACTCGTTGCTGATGATGAGTGGTTAAATACGGAATTCATCTCTACCGTCCAGCAGCGTGGTGCCGCCATCATCAAGGCGAGGAAGCAATCCAGTGCCCTATCTGCTGCCAGCTCTGCATGCGATCACATTCGTGACTGGGTTCTTGGCACTCCTGAGGGAACATTTGTCTCCATGGGTGTGTACTCTGATGGTTCGTATGGTGTGCCTGCTGGTCTGATCTACTCGTTCCCAGTAACATGCAGTGGTGGCGAATGGACGATTGTTCAGGGTATGCTTGCTTACCTTCTTTCTACATGTTCATGGGCTGTCTGTTAAAATGTGCCAATGTATAGAGTATTGCGCTGATTATGTCGCAACAGTTTACAAATGCCTGATGATCTATCGTTTCTTACAGGTCTCCCGATCGACGAGTTCTCAAGGAAGAAGATGGACGCGACTGCCCAGGAGCTGTCGGAGGAGAAGACGCTCGCTTACTCATGCCTCAACTAAAACTAAGCAATACCCAGAGGGACAGATAGTGAGCGATTGCCCGCTCCCGTGTTTTTGAATAAAAGAGACTTTTAAGTTCCATCACATAGAAACTGTTTATCTCAGACCGCTGCACATCGCGAGATGTGGAGCGCAGATGCCGTTGCTGGTTTTACTCCAGTGTGTATTGAGGCTTTGTACTAGCTCCCTTTTTTTTGCCTGGTGATTCGCAGGACATTTGCTGAAAACATTGAACCCATTTGACATCTGATGGAATCATGGACCAGTAGCAAGTACATTTTGCGAAAGCATAATCTGCATCGGGCTTGGGCTGGTGGTTGAACTTTCTGCCACATGGCCCATGGAAACGTGAGTCGCGCTGTTACTG
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.3 cDNA CGTTTCCCCCTCTCTCGCAAAACTCACCCAAAAGAGCAGCGTCGCCTCTCCTCCTCCTCCCTAACCCCTACGCTTCCAGAACCTTCTCGAAGCTCCCGCTCCCCCCCCCCTTCCGCTCCAATGGCGAAGGAACCGATGCGCGTGCTCGTCACCGGCGCCGCAGGACAAATTGGATATGCTCTTGTCCCCATGATTGCTAGGGGTGTGATGTTGGGTGCTGACCAGCCTGTTATTCTACACATGCTTGACATTCCACCAGCTACTGAATCTCTTAATGGCCTTAAGATGGAGCTGGTTGATGCTGCATTTCCTCTTTTGAAGGGAATTGTCGCAACAACTGATGTTGTGGAGGCCTGCACTGGTGTGAATGTTGCGGTTATGGTTGGTGGGTTCCCCAGGAAGGAGGGAATGGAAAGGAAGGATGTTATGTCAAAAAATGTCTCCATCTACAAATCCCAAGCTTCTGCTCTTGAGGCTCATGCAGCCCCTAACTGCAAGGTTCTGGTAGTTGCCAATCCAGCAAACACCAACGCTCTCATCTTAAAAGAATTCGCTCCATCCATCCCTGAGAAGAACATTACTTGCCTCACCCGTCTTGACCACAACAGGGCACTTGGCCAGATCTCTGAAAAACTTAATGTCCAAGTTACTGATGTGAAGAATGCGATCATCTGGGGCAACCACTCATCCACCCAGTACCCTGATGTTAACCACGCCACTGTGAAGACTCCCAGTGGAGAGAAGCCTGTCAGGGAACTCGTTGCTGATGATGAGTGGTTAAATACGGAATTCATCTCTACCGTCCAGCAGCGTGGTGCCGCCATCATCAAGGCGAGGAAGCAATCCAGTGCCCTATCTGCTGCCAGCTCTGCATGCGATCACATTCGTGACTGGGTTCTTGGCACTCCTGAGGGAACATTTGTCTCCATGGGTGTGTACTCTGATGGTTCGTATGGTGTGCCTGCTGGTCTGATCTACTCGTTCCCAGTAACATGCAGTGGTGGCGAATGGACGATTGTTCAGGGTATGCTTGCTTACCTTCTTTCTACATGTTCATGGGCTGTCTGTTAAAATGTGCCAATGTATAGAGTATTGCGCTGATTATGTCGCAACAGTTTACAAATGCCTGATGATCTATCGTTTCTTACAGGTCTCCCGATCGACGAGTTCTCAAGGAAGAAGATGGACGCGACTGCCCAGGAGCTGTCGGAGGAGAAGACGCTCGCTTACTCATGCCTCAACTAAAACTAAGCAATACCCAGAGGGACAGATAGTGAGCGATTGCCCGCTCCCGTGTTTTTGAATAAAAGAGACTTTTAAGTTCCATCACATAGAAACTGTTTATCTCAGACCGCTGCACATCGCGAGATGTGGAGCGCAGATGCCGTTGCTGGTTTTACTCCAGTGTGTATTGAGGCTTTGTACTAGCTCCCTTTTTTTTGCCTGGTGATTCGCAGGACATTTGCTGAAAACATTGAACCCATTTGACATCTGATGGAATCATGGACCAGTAGCAAGTACATTTTGCGAAAGCATAATCTGCATCGGGCTTGGGCTGGTGGTTGAACTTTCTGCCACATGGCCCATGGAAACGTGAGTCGCGCTGTTACTG
CDS Sequence
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.2 CDS ATGGCGAAGGAACCGATGCGCGTGCTCGTCACCGGCGCCGCAGGACAAATTGGATATGCTCTTGTCCCCATGATTGCTAGGGGTGTGATGTTGGGTGCTGACCAGCCTGTTATTCTACACATGCTTGACATTCCACCAGCTACTGAATCTCTTAATGGCCTTAAGATGGAGCTGGTTGATGCTGCATTTCCTCTTTTGAAGGGAATTGTCGCAACAACTGATGTTGTGGAGGCCTGCACTGGTGTGAATGTTGCGGTTATGGTTGGTGGGTTCCCCAGGAAGGAGGGAATGGAAAGGAAGGATGTTATGTCAAAAAATGTCTCCATCTACAAATCCCAAGCTTCTGCTCTTGAGGCTCATGCAGCCCCTAACTGCAAGGTTCTGGTAGTTGCCAATCCAGCAAACACCAACGCTCTCATCTTAAAAGAATTCGCTCCATCCATCCCTGAGAAGAACATTACTTGCCTCACCCGTCTTGACCACAACAGGGCACTTGGCCAGATCTCTGAAAAACTTAATGTCCAAGTTACTGATGTGAAGAATGCGATCATCTGGGGCAACCACTCATCCACCCAGTACCCTGATGTTAACCACGCCACTGTGAAGACTCCCAGTGGAGAGAAGCCTGTCAGGGAACTCGTTGCTGATGATGAGTGGTTAAATACGGAATTCATCTCTACCGTCCAGCAGCGTGGTGCCGCCATCATCAAGGCGAGGAAGCAATCCAGTGCCCTATCTGCTGCCAGCTCTGCATGCGATCACATTCGTGACTGGGTTCTTGGCACTCCTGAGGGAACATTTGTCTCCATGGGTGTGTACTCTGATGGTTCGTATGGTGTGCCTGCTGGTCTGATCTACTCGTTCCCAGTAACATGCAGTGGTGGCGAATGGACGATTGTTCAGGGTATGCTTGCTTACCTTCTTTCTACATGTTCATGGGCTGTCTGTTAA
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.1 CDS ATGGCGAAGGAACCGATGCGCGTGCTCGTCACCGGCGCCGCAGGACAAATTGGATATGCTCTTGTCCCCATGATTGCTAGGGGTGTGATGTTGGGTGCTGACCAGCCTGTTATTCTACACATGCTTGACATTCCACCAGCTACTGAATCTCTTAATGGCCTTAAGATGGAGCTGGTTGATGCTGCATTTCCTCTTTTGAAGGGAATTGTCGCAACAACTGATGTTGTGGAGGCCTGCACTGGTGTGAATGTTGCGGTTATGGTTGGTGGGTTCCCCAGGAAGGAGGGAATGGAAAGGAAGGATGTTATGTCAAAAAATGTCTCCATCTACAAATCCCAAGCTTCTGCTCTTGAGGCTCATGCAGCCCCTAACTGCAAGGTTCTGGTAGTTGCCAATCCAGCAAACACCAACGCTCTCATCTTAAAAGAATTCGCTCCATCCATCCCTGAGAAGAACATTACTTGCCTCACCCGTCTTGACCACAACAGGGCACTTGGCCAGATCTCTGAAAAACTTAATGTCCAAGTTACTGATGTGAAGAATGCGATCATCTGGGGCAACCACTCATCCACCCAGTACCCTGATGTTAACCACGCCACTGTGAAGACTCCCAGTGGAGAGAAGCCTGTCAGGGAACTCGTTGCTGATGATGAGTGGTTAAATACGGAATTCATCTCTACCGTCCAGCAGCGTGGTGCCGCCATCATCAAGGCGAGGAAGCAATCCAGTGCCCTATCTGCTGCCAGCTCTGCATGCGATCACATTCGTGACTGGGTTCTTGGCACTCCTGAGGGAACATTTGTCTCCATGGGTGTGTACTCTGATGGTTCGTATGGTGTGCCTGCTGGTCTGATCTACTCGTTCCCAGTAACATGCAGTGGTGGCGAATGGACGATTGTTCAGGGTATGCTTGCTTACCTTCTTTCTACATGTTCATGGGCTGTCTGTTAA
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.3 CDS ATGGCGAAGGAACCGATGCGCGTGCTCGTCACCGGCGCCGCAGGACAAATTGGATATGCTCTTGTCCCCATGATTGCTAGGGGTGTGATGTTGGGTGCTGACCAGCCTGTTATTCTACACATGCTTGACATTCCACCAGCTACTGAATCTCTTAATGGCCTTAAGATGGAGCTGGTTGATGCTGCATTTCCTCTTTTGAAGGGAATTGTCGCAACAACTGATGTTGTGGAGGCCTGCACTGGTGTGAATGTTGCGGTTATGGTTGGTGGGTTCCCCAGGAAGGAGGGAATGGAAAGGAAGGATGTTATGTCAAAAAATGTCTCCATCTACAAATCCCAAGCTTCTGCTCTTGAGGCTCATGCAGCCCCTAACTGCAAGGTTCTGGTAGTTGCCAATCCAGCAAACACCAACGCTCTCATCTTAAAAGAATTCGCTCCATCCATCCCTGAGAAGAACATTACTTGCCTCACCCGTCTTGACCACAACAGGGCACTTGGCCAGATCTCTGAAAAACTTAATGTCCAAGTTACTGATGTGAAGAATGCGATCATCTGGGGCAACCACTCATCCACCCAGTACCCTGATGTTAACCACGCCACTGTGAAGACTCCCAGTGGAGAGAAGCCTGTCAGGGAACTCGTTGCTGATGATGAGTGGTTAAATACGGAATTCATCTCTACCGTCCAGCAGCGTGGTGCCGCCATCATCAAGGCGAGGAAGCAATCCAGTGCCCTATCTGCTGCCAGCTCTGCATGCGATCACATTCGTGACTGGGTTCTTGGCACTCCTGAGGGAACATTTGTCTCCATGGGTGTGTACTCTGATGGTTCGTATGGTGTGCCTGCTGGTCTGATCTACTCGTTCCCAGTAACATGCAGTGGTGGCGAATGGACGATTGTTCAGGGTATGCTTGCTTACCTTCTTTCTACATGTTCATGGGCTGTCTGTTAA
Protein Sequence
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.2 protein MAKEPMRVLVTGAAGQIGYALVPMIARGVMLGADQPVILHMLDIPPATESLNGLKMELVDAAFPLLKGIVATTDVVEACTGVNVAVMVGGFPRKEGMERKDVMSKNVSIYKSQASALEAHAAPNCKVLVVANPANTNALILKEFAPSIPEKNITCLTRLDHNRALGQISEKLNVQVTDVKNAIIWGNHSSTQYPDVNHATVKTPSGEKPVRELVADDEWLNTEFISTVQQRGAAIIKARKQSSALSAASSACDHIRDWVLGTPEGTFVSMGVYSDGSYGVPAGLIYSFPVTCSGGEWTIVQGMLAYLLSTCSWAVC*
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.1 protein MAKEPMRVLVTGAAGQIGYALVPMIARGVMLGADQPVILHMLDIPPATESLNGLKMELVDAAFPLLKGIVATTDVVEACTGVNVAVMVGGFPRKEGMERKDVMSKNVSIYKSQASALEAHAAPNCKVLVVANPANTNALILKEFAPSIPEKNITCLTRLDHNRALGQISEKLNVQVTDVKNAIIWGNHSSTQYPDVNHATVKTPSGEKPVRELVADDEWLNTEFISTVQQRGAAIIKARKQSSALSAASSACDHIRDWVLGTPEGTFVSMGVYSDGSYGVPAGLIYSFPVTCSGGEWTIVQGMLAYLLSTCSWAVC*
  • >LOC_Os10g33800.3 protein MAKEPMRVLVTGAAGQIGYALVPMIARGVMLGADQPVILHMLDIPPATESLNGLKMELVDAAFPLLKGIVATTDVVEACTGVNVAVMVGGFPRKEGMERKDVMSKNVSIYKSQASALEAHAAPNCKVLVVANPANTNALILKEFAPSIPEKNITCLTRLDHNRALGQISEKLNVQVTDVKNAIIWGNHSSTQYPDVNHATVKTPSGEKPVRELVADDEWLNTEFISTVQQRGAAIIKARKQSSALSAASSACDHIRDWVLGTPEGTFVSMGVYSDGSYGVPAGLIYSFPVTCSGGEWTIVQGMLAYLLSTCSWAVC*